A Study to assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on the Knowledge regarding Warning Signs of Pregnancy among Antenatal Mothers in Selected Rural Area, Jamnagar District

 

Ms. Akruti Ramoliya¹, Mrs. Ponmani², Dr. Jeenath Justin Doss. K³

¹II year M.Sc. (N) OBG, Shri Anand College of Nursing, Opp-Ghanteshwar Park Sainik Society,

Jamnagar Road, Rajkot

²Guide, HOD OBG, Shri Anand College of Nursing, Opp-Ghanteshwar Park Sainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot

³Principal, Shri Anand College of Nursing, Opp-Ghanteshwar Park Sainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot

 

ABSTRACT:

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Few life events are as wonderful, ambivalent, memorable and defining as pregnancy. While the process of gestation has many common threads and themes for all women, each mother’s experience is unique. Furthermore, the same woman may experience pregnancy differently each time that she goes through it. The changes that the expectant woman undergoes involve not only her physical but also psychological, spiritual, emotional, interpersonal and social dimensions.¹

 

When a woman becomes pregnant, she is very aware that a new life is growing within her for the next nine months. Millions of women give birth to healthy babies every day. But on the other hand there are women who have miscarriages, still birth or children with birth defects. This acts as a constant reminder of fragility and delicacy of the process from conception to childbirth. It is a long road with pitfalls at every turn. While most women negotiate the path to motherhood successfully, always at the back of their minds runs the thought that things can go wrong if they are not careful.²

 

Raghuvanshi.R, (2010) stated that Pregnancy is a very delicate phaseoffetus development. During this phase, a women’s body undergoes various changes. So, in order to avoid any complications it is important to keep a check on the warning signs of pregnancy. Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. While motherhood is often a positive and fulfilling experience, for too many women it is associated with suffering, ill health and even death.³

 

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Factors that contribute to a higher risk of maternal mortality can include biomedical factors such as direct obstetric complications of hemorrhage, infection, obstructed labor, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and septic abortion. The reminders are due to other direct obstetric causes such as pulmonary embolism, ectopic pregnancy or indirect causes that are aggravated by pregnancy such as malaria, hepatitis, diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Worldwide the most common cause of maternal mortality is hemorrhage, but the proportion due to each cause varies between regions. It has been estimated that approximately 40% of women may suffer an acute problem in pregnancy and 9-15% may experience a problem needing higher level care.⁴

 

In the last decades, the life expectancy of the population in India has shown remarkable improvement from 41 years in 1961 to the present day of 65 years. Yet, over a 100, 000 women in India continue to die of pregnancy related causes every year. The Maternal Mortality Ratio in India is 212 per 1, 00,000 live births (SRS, RGI 2011). The major causes of these deaths have been identified as ante partum and post-partum hemorrhage, toxemia which is due to pregnancy induced hypertension, anemia, obstructed labor, puerperal sepsis and unsafe abortion. This Maternal Mortality ratio has to be decreased to 109 per 1, 00,000 live births by the year 2015 according to Millennium Development Goals.⁵

 

OBJECTIVES:

1.     To assess the pretest level of knowledge regarding warning signs of pregnancy among primi gravid mothers.

2.     To assess the posttest level of knowledge regarding warning signs of pregnancy among primi gravid mothers.

3.     To evaluate the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme on level of knowledge regarding warning signs of pregnancy among primi gravid mothers.

4.     To associate the pretest and posttest level of knowledge regarding warning signs of pregnancy among primi gravid mothers with their demographic variables.

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H¹-The post-test level of Knowledge will be significantly higher than the pre-test

Knowledge.

 

H²-There will be a significant association between the level of knowledge regarding warning signs of pregnancy among primi gravid mothers with their demographic variables

 

RESEARCH APPROACH:

The research approach is quantitative research approach.

 

RESEARCH DESIGN:

The research design adopted is pre experimental one group pre-test –post- test design.

 

VARIABLES OF THE STUDY:

a.  Dependent variable:   

Mothers who are participate in programme.

 

b.  Independent variable:  

Planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding warning signs of pregnancy.

 

c.   Extraneous variables:

Age, religion, education, type of family, income of the family, residential area and source of health information.

 

SETTINGS:

Setting consists selected GG Hospital area in Jamnagar district.

 

POPULATION:

Population for the study consists of antenatal mothers having 4 to 6 months of pregnancy, who are living in selected area.

 

SAMPLE:

Sample size is Consists of 40 antenatal mothers, who are living in particular area.

 

CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION:

Inclusion criteria:             

1.     Ante natal mothers of 4 to 6 months of pregnancy of primi mothers living in particular area.

2.     Antenatal mothers, who are able to read and write Gujarati.

3.     Antenatal mothers, who are willing to participate in the study.

 

Exclusion criteria:

1.    Antenatal mothers, who are not able to read and write Gujarati

 

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

Sampling technique selected is non-probablity convenience sampling technique.

 

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:

The data will be collected using structured knowledge of questionnaire. Before collecting the data formal permission from medical officer of the primary health centre of the selected area will be obtained. The mothers will be assured about confidentiality of data. Structured knowledge questionnaire will be asses the knowledge of mothers regarding warning signs of pregnancy. Respondent will be explained about purpose of study and consent will be obtained from them prior to data collection. Data will be collected by surveying method of 40 pregnant mothers.

                                                           

RESULTS:

·       In pretest 42 (70%) of primi gravid mothers had inadequate knowledge and 16 (27%) of them had moderate knowledge and only 2 (3%) of them had adequate knowledge.

·       In post test only 3 (5%) of primi gravid mothers had inadequate knowledge and 13 (22%) of them had moderate knowledge and almost 44 (73%) of them had adequate knowledge.

·       With respect to the pretest level of knowledge 42 (70%) of primi gravid mothers had inadequate knowledge and 16 (27%) of them had moderate knowledge and only 2 (3%) of them had adequate knowledge, whereas in post test only 3 (5%) of primi gravid mothers had inadequate knowledge and 13 (22%) of them had moderate knowledge and almost 44 (73%) of them had adequate knowledge.

·       The mean score was increased from 18.67 to 32.07 which showed a marked difference of 13.4 respectively and the standard deviation was decreased from 3.86 to 1.86 after the administration of structured teaching programme. The paired ‘t’ test value at 28.14, was very highly significant at p<0.001 level. It indicates the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on increasing the level of knowledge on warning signs of pregnancy among primi gravid mothers.

·       There were no significant association was found with other demographic variables such as occupation, family income per month, type of family and source of health information

 

REFERENSES:

1.      http://vikrantshukla.blogspot.com/2011/01.

2.      Deitra LL,Shannon EP,maternity and women’s health care.Mosby publishers:USA ed 8.p.435.

3.      Pembe AB,Urassa DP,Carlstedt A,Landmark G,Nystorm L,Darj E.Rural Tanzanian women’s awareness of danger signs of obstetric complications.BMC pregnancy and child birth 2014 Mar;9(12).

4.      Hasan IJ,Nisar N.womens perceptions regarding obstetric complications and care in a poor fishing community in Karachy.Journal of PMA 2015;(52):148-152.

5.      Mutiso SM,Qureshi,kunuthia J.Birth preparedness among antenatal clients.East Afr Med J 2012 jun;85(6)

 

 

 

 

Received on 21.11.2018          Modified on 11.12.2018

Accepted on 31.12.2018     © A&V Publications all right reserved